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In the field of criminal thoughts, classic idea is the oldest one and because of the assumption of "free will" and "moral responsibility", thjs idea has been considered as a philosophical and moral thought.
Nowadays, after passing more than centuries from publishing Beccaria's book, we consider the renovation of this idea in
western countries especially in North America.
This new doctrine that is called "Reconsidered Neoclassicism", is based on philosophical and moral concepts and believes that "Retribution" is the most suitable goal for punishment and "Rehabilitation" has no efficiency. So, this school believes in "just desert" and "though on crime".