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Development as a key concept in social science has had widespread theoretical and conceptual transformation, related to fundamental and deep transformations in advanced societies. After a long time that under the impact of positivism it implied quantitative changes in separated areas of economy and politics, on the basis of development economics and political economy it was related to basic and qualitative changes in attitudes and structures in different dimensions, and made possible a multidisciplinary study on “development”. Now, beyond classic literature of modernization, development is viewed as a comprehensive concept, related to polity, economy and humanity with definite criteria and indexes. This essay trys to conclude its scientific, standard and deep contents in order o solve mental and practical chaos and Iran’s problems and difficulties.