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"deceit". That is to say, if a person deceives another one (for example, if husband or wife deceives the other party in the marriage contract, or seller decieves the buyer in the buying contract) in this case, there will be a responsibility and s.uretyship on deceiver, In the civil terminology, this kind of responsibility which is the suretyship resulted from deceit, is cal1ed suretyship of deceit. This suretyship is a kind of forcible suretyship and in the texts of law is called civil responsibility. The subjects concerning to the suretyship of deceit is celebrated as a canonical principle or
principle of deceit: "Deceived returns to deceiver". In this article, at first the lneaning of deceit is defined, and then the arguments
relating to the authenticity of this principle (such as narratives, consensus, sane persons, etc.) are analyzed" Also, the pil1ars and the elements that constitute the deceit including deceitful act,
are gIven as a companson.
jurisprudential subjects in which the principle of deceit is exerted,

injuriousness, interrelation of cause and effect, knowledge and ignorance of deceiver and deceived persons, and their intention are explained in detail, and the ideas of jurisconsults on these points are described at full length. Furthern10re, the